This book explores recent developments in the design and synthesis of greener nanomaterials and their eco-friendly utilization at the industrial scale. It defines key material descriptors required for their successful employment in different applications and discusses their cost-effective synthesis from natural extracts. The text provides comprehensive links between the design/fabrication of nanoparticles and their catalytic performance (activity, selectivity, and stability) in various applications. The topics covered include photocatalysis, wastewater treatment, environmental ecology, medical biology, biotechnology, sensors, cosmetics, remediation, energy, and phytoformulation.

Recent technological advancements in green nanotechnology have opened a brand-new avenue for research and development in the field of medicinal plant-mediated nanoparticles, biopolymers, biotechnology, and antimicrobial and biomedical research. This new volume explores several eco-friendly technologies in green materials synthesis, which are of considerable importance. It takes an inter- and cross-multidisciplinary approach to the green chemistry of nanoengineering and green nanotechnology application in materials research. It provides informative coverage of this exciting and dynamic new field as well as relates the fundamentals of soft-nanomaterials fabrication and spectroscopic integration. The book explores bio-inspired self-assembly green nanomaterials for multifunctional applications as well as the design and synthesis of green polymeric nanomaterials for several pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, including biosensors, drug delivery, antimicrobial applications, etc. Also discussed is the fabrication of green polymer nanocomposites from waste and natural fibers, such as chitin fiber, chitin whisker fiber, cellulose fiber, nanocellulose fiber, eggshells, and cotton waste.

Nanomaterials in the Battle Against Pathogens and Disease Vectors presents an overview of the use of nanotechnology to mitigate pathogens of concern, and is the first book to discuss applications of nanotechnology in the fight against all three major domains of disease-causing pathogens. Bacteria, viruses, and parasites constitute the list of emerging and re-emerging pathogens of high priority. Nanotechnology has proven to be a groundbreaking success in the elimination, targeted toxicity, precise immunogenicity, diagnosis, and imaging of these major pathogens and disease vectors. This text discusses basic concepts and advanced applications for bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It describes the use of metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles and nanotoxicity, as well as presents future applications of nanotechnology in biological applications. This work is ideal for engineers and scientists across the interdisciplinary fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, and others concerned with mitigating the risk and effect of pathogens.

This book provides an overview of key current developments in the synthetic strategy of functional novel nanomaterials in various spectroscopic characterizations and evaluations and highlights possible future applications in nanotechnology and materials science. It illustrates the wide-ranging interest in these areas and provides a background to the later chapters, which address the novel synthesis of high-yield nanomaterials and their biomaterials, graphene, polymeric nanomaterials, green nanomaterials, green polyester, liquid crystal electro-optic switching applications, nanobiotechnology, transition metal oxides, response characteristics of exclusive spectroscopic investigation as well as electron microscopic study, flexible and transparent electrodes, optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, smart displays, switchable device modulation, health care, energy storage, solar/fuel cells, environmental and plant biology, social, ethical, and regulatory implications of various aspects of green nanotechnology, as well as significant foreseeable spectroscopic applications of key functional nanomaterials. Given appropriate regulation for and research on the topics covered, commercial production of manufactured novel composite materials can be realized. Furthermore, the many discoveries highlighted in the book can modulate spectroscopic performances with technical excellence in multidisciplinary research of high competence.

Recent years have witnessed the sheer growth of macromolecular concepts and nanotechnology-based innovations in polymer science. Processing and Characterization of Multicomponent Polymer Systems is a collection of contributions from materials science experts across the globe. The fabrication and characterization of polymeric systems are still important in the study of materials science, and the quality measurements of newly designed polymeric stuffs demand systematic and new characterization protocols. The volume highlights some of the latest innovations and principles of nanostructured polymeric materials and polymer nanocomposites. It is devoted to novel architectures at the nano-level with an emphasis on new synthesis and characterization methods. Organized into several sections, the chapters cover a selection of topics on: Biocomposites and nanocomposites Interpenetrating polymeric networks and nanostructured materials Theoretical protocols for polymers and clusters Special topics in polymer processing and polymer coating. This survey will be an important resource for those involved in the field of polymer materials design for advanced technologies, including scientists, engineers, and budding researchers working in the area of polymer science and nanotechnology.

Understanding surfaces and interfaces is a key challenge for those working on hybrid nanomaterials and where new imaging and analysis spectroscopy/electron microscopy responses are vital. The variability and site recognition of biopolymers, such as DNA molecules, offer a wide range of opportunities for the self-organization of wire nanostructures into much more complex patterns, while the combination of 1D nanostructures consisting of biopolymers and inorganic compounds opens up a number of scientific and technological opportunities. This book discusses the novel synthesis of nanomaterials and their hybrid composites; nanobiocomposites; transition metal oxide nanocomposites; spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies; social, ethical, and regulatory implications of various aspects of nanotechnology; and significant foreseeable applications of some key hybrid nanomaterials. The book also looks at how technology might be used in the future, estimating, where possible, the likely timescales in which the most far-reaching applications of technology might become a reality. Current research trends and potential future advances, such as nanomaterials, nanometrology, electronics, optoelectronics, and nanobiotechnology, are discussed, in addition to the benefits they are currently providing in the short, medium, and long terms. Furthermore, the book explains the current and possible future industrial applications of nanotechnology, examines some of the barriers to its adoption by industry, and identifies what environmental, health and safety, ethical, or societal implications or uncertainties may arise from the use of the technology, both current and future.

Recent years have witnessed the sheer growth of macromolecular concepts and nanotechnology-based innovations in polymer science. Processing and Characterization of Multicomponent Polymer Systems is a collection of contributions from materials science experts across the globe. The fabrication and characterization of polymeric systems are still important in the study of materials science, and the quality measurements of newly designed polymeric stuffs demand systematic and new characterization protocols. The volume highlights some of the latest innovations and principles of nanostructured polymeric materials and polymer nanocomposites. It is devoted to novel architectures at the nano-level with an emphasis on new synthesis and characterization methods. Organized into several sections, the chapters cover a selection of topics on: Biocomposites and nanocomposites Interpenetrating polymeric networks and nanostructured materials Theoretical protocols for polymers and clusters Special topics in polymer processing and polymer coating. This survey will be an important resource for those involved in the field of polymer materials design for advanced technologies, including scientists, engineers, and budding researchers working in the area of polymer science and nanotechnology.

Sensors for Stretchable Electronics in Nanotechnology discusses the fabrication of semiconducting materials, simple and cost-effective synthesis, and unique mechanisms that enable the fabrication of fully elastic electronic devices that can tolerate high strain. It reviews specific applications that directly benefit from highly compliant electronics, including transistors, photonic devices, and sensors. Discusses ultra-flexible electronics, highlighting its upcoming significance for the industrial-scale production of electronic goods Outlines the role of nanomaterials in fabricating flexible and multifunctional sensors and their applications in sensor technologies Covers graphene-based flexible and stretchable strain sensors Details various applications including wearable electronics, chemical sensors for detecting humidity, environmental hazards, pathogens, and biological warfare agents, and biosensors for detecting vital signals This book is a valuable resource for students, scientists, and professionals working in the research areas of sensor technologies, nanotechnology, materials science, chemistry, physics, biological and medical sciences, the healthcare industry, environmental science, and technology.

Functional Materials Processing for Switchable Device Modulation focuses on the advances of nanofabrication that underpin emerging technologies, including electronic devices. The book provides readers with a broad view of the materials' perspectives, including historical context and background, along with future opportunities for smart electronic and switchable devices. A major focus in the book is on the research and development of synthetic materials for spectroscopic analysis which broadly deals with science and technology of materials on the atomic and molecular scale. The book reviews the materials and advances in research for switchable electronics for bioelectronic, sensing and optoelectronic applications. In addition, key challenges and emerging opportunities in innovations in surface modification and novel functional materials device implementation for industrial scale reproducibility are discussed. The book covers the applications and market potential for a variety of media, including mirrors, glazing/coatings, and display products. The physics, electrochemistry, device design and materials are detailed, with performance compared between the most relevant and emerging switchable technologies.

'Recent Advances in Elastomeric Nanocomposites' reviews the recent progresses in the synthesis, processing as well as applications of elastomeric nanocomposites. Elastomers are a very important class of polymer materials and the generation of their nanocomposites by the incorporation of nano-filler has led to significant enhancement of their properties and, hence, expansion of their application potential. Most of the studies related with these materials are present in the form of research papers. Here, the authors present a comprehensive text covering the whole of the subject. The book is tailored more from the applications point of view, but also provide enough introductory material for research scholars new to this field.

Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a non-recyclable composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes which has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the plastics industry in this decade. It is used in numerous applications, such as, outdoor deck floors, railings, fences, landscaping timbers, park benches, window and door frames. This book starts with a brief glimpse at the basic structures and properties of WPCs. Aspects such as surface treatment, machinery used and testing types of WPCs are also covered. The following chapters of the book give a view of foam technology, flame retardant properties and colour retardant properties of WPCs. The way morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behaviours of the finished materials is discussed. Finally, the authors give an overview of the applications of wood-plastic composites in daily life. The book may serve as a source book for scientists wishing to work in this field.

'Recent Advances in Elastomeric Nanocomposites' reviews the recent progresses in the synthesis, processing as well as applications of elastomeric nanocomposites. Elastomers are a very important class of polymer materials and the generation of their nanocomposites by the incorporation of nano-filler has led to significant enhancement of their properties and, hence, expansion of their application potential. Most of the studies related with these materials are present in the form of research papers. Here, the authors present a comprehensive text covering the whole of the subject. The book is tailored more from the applications point of view, but also provide enough introductory material for research scholars new to this field.

Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a non-recyclable composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes which has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the plastics industry in this decade. It is used in numerous applications, such as, outdoor deck floors, railings, fences, landscaping timbers, park benches, window and door frames. This book starts with a brief glimpse at the basic structures and properties of WPCs. Aspects such as surface treatment, machinery used and testing types of WPCs are also covered. The following chapters of the book give a view of foam technology, flame retardant properties and colour retardant properties of WPCs. The way morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behaviours of the finished materials is discussed. Finally, the authors give an overview of the applications of wood-plastic composites in daily life. The book may serve as a source book for scientists wishing to work in this field.

Multidisciplinary Science and Advanced Technologies form a vast and diverse class of the engineering science and research divisions. This book discusses novel design techniques and smart mechanisms, as well as innovations that might be utilized in the future. Scientific modification can control industrial-scale assembly, a process that ultimately provides specific material function, depending on electronic development for advancements. Furthermore, the combination of supramolecular multidisciplinary technologies allows for the exploration of applicationabased materials. Smart materials are vital for the in-depth analysis of various morphologies. This book is an international forum for comprehensive soft-condensed matter physics, nanoscience principles, nanotechnology tools, and nanotechnology applications in the environmental, energy, and electronics sector, including a discussion of ethical issues in these fields. This book reviews the applications and market potential of a variety of media, including mirror, glazing, and display products, such as low-information content displays for banners and labels. The physicist, chemical engineer, materials scientist, nanotechnologist, and biologist at all levels, as well as academicians for unique device-based applications in various fields, will benefit from this book. Readers will gain an understanding of the practical and highly sensitive business fields for specific disciplinarians. The goal is to provide readers a broad review from a materials perspective, so that teachers can provide a comprehensive review of this technology to students. This book also highlights the entire gamut of smart engineering technologies and the materials design process of fabrications from past to present and future perspectives. The syllabi of various technical universities and research institutes are examined, explaining the basic perceptions of this emerging field. In science today, the major focus of research and development in synthetic materials and spectroscopic analysis broadly deals with materials on the atomic and molecular scales. The vision for the future is to move beyond these already existing applications and explore new realms of electronic applications.

Nanofabrication for Smart Nanosensor Applications addresses the design, manufacture and applications of a variety of nanomaterials for sensing applications. In particular, the book explores how nanofabrication techniques are used to create more efficient nanosensors, examines their major applications in biomedicine and environmental science, discusses the fundamentals of how nanosensors work, explores different nanofabrication techniques, and comments on toxicity and safety issues relating to the creation of nanosensors using certain nanomaterial classes. This book is an important resource for materials scientists and engineers who want to make materials selection decisions for the creation of new nansensor devices.